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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions
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Neural systems for processing social relationship information along two principal dimensions.

Wonjun Kang1,2,3, Minjae Kwon1,4, Sue-Hyun Lee5,6,7

  • 1Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

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|August 7, 2025
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Summary

Understanding complex social relationships is key for interaction. This study reveals two main dimensions of social recognition—Amity-Hostility and Restrained Amity-Suppressive Hostility—and their distinct brain network processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Social cognition research has identified neural substrates for inferring mental states and detecting social features.
  • However, the neural basis for processing complex human social relationships is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary dimensions of social relationship recognition.
  • To investigate the neural correlates of processing complex social relationship information.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to collect data from participants viewing naturalistic movie clips.
  • Participants evaluated social relationships depicted in the clips.

Main Results:

  • Two principal dimensions of social relationship recognition were identified: Amity-Hostility and Restrained Amity-Suppressive Hostility.
  • The Amity-Hostility dimension is processed in a posterior cortical network including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS).
  • The Restrained Amity-Suppressive Hostility dimension is processed in an anterior cortical network including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).

Conclusions:

  • The findings propose a framework for understanding the neural basis of social recognition.
  • This framework emphasizes information processing along two key dimensions, each engaging distinct neural systems.