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Small Molecule Modulators of α-Synuclein Phase Separation.

Debabrata Sarkar1, Sumangal Roychowdhury2, Rajeev Jain2,3

  • 1Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel zwitterionic compounds were synthesized to inhibit alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) protein aggregation, a key factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. These compounds effectively reduced α-Syn liquid-liquid phase separation and fibril formation.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s diseasealpha-synucleinliquid−liquid phase separationneuro-degenerative disordersprotein aggregationsmall molecule inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impacting motor control due to impaired brain nerve cells.
  • Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) protein aggregation and fibrillation are central hallmarks of PD pathology.
  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and droplet formation of α-Syn are increasingly recognized as critical in PD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel zwitterionic compounds as potential inhibitors of α-Syn aggregation.
  • To investigate the effect of these compounds on α-Syn liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
  • To evaluate the compounds' ability to prevent the formation of α-Syn fibrillary aggregates.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel zwitterionic compounds.
  • In vitro assays to assess α-Syn liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
  • Analysis of α-Syn fibril formation in the presence of synthesized compounds.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of novel zwitterionic compounds.
  • Demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of α-Syn LLPS by the synthesized compounds.
  • Significant reduction in the formation of α-Syn fibrillary aggregates.

Conclusions:

  • Novel zwitterionic compounds effectively inhibit α-Syn LLPS and subsequent fibril formation.
  • These compounds represent a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
  • Targeting α-Syn aggregation via LLPS inhibition is a viable approach for PD treatment.