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Onychomycosis in special populations.

Aditya K Gupta1,2, Amanda Liddy1, Tong Wang1

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Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) pose unique challenges in special populations. Tailored diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce recurrence in these vulnerable groups.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent fungal nail infection.
  • Special populations (elderly, diabetic, immunocompromised) face higher susceptibility and risks.
  • Untreated infections can lead to severe complications like secondary infections and systemic spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of onychomycosis in special populations.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in these groups.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of onychomycosis in special populations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and mycological confirmation importance.
  • Evaluation of systemic and topical antifungal treatment strategies and safety considerations.

Main Results:

  • Special populations exhibit increased susceptibility due to factors like impaired immunity and comorbidities.
  • Accurate diagnosis is critical, as symptoms can mimic non-fungal nail disorders.
  • Treatment requires careful consideration of drug efficacy, safety, drug interactions, and patient-specific risk profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized care is paramount for managing onychomycosis in special populations.
  • Systemic antifungals are standard for severe cases but may be limited by comorbidities.
  • Topical antifungals offer an alternative for milder cases, with specific agents noted for efficacy.