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Related Concept Videos

Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Reconfigurable Integrated High-Speed Thermal Metamaterial Pixel Arrays.

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  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.

Nano Letters
|August 7, 2025
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Researchers developed a reconfigurable thermal metamaterial pixel array using graphene transistors. This innovation enables ultrafast control of infrared emissions for dynamic thermal signatures, demonstrated by displaying alphabet letters.

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Area of Science:

  • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
  • Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermal Imaging
  • Graphene Electronics

Background:

  • Controlling thermal signatures across spatial, temporal, and spectral domains is difficult due to the nature of thermal emission.
  • Existing methods lack the flexibility and speed required for advanced applications.
  • Ultrafast modulation of infrared emission is a key challenge in thermal management and camouflage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a reconfigurable ultrafast thermal metamaterial pixel array for dynamic thermal signature control.
  • To integrate active metasurfaces with graphene transistors for enhanced functionality.
  • To achieve unprecedented programming flexibility in spatial, temporal, and spectral domains of infrared emission.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a pixel array integrating active metasurfaces with dual-gate graphene transistors (Gr-FETs).
  • Utilizing Gr-FETs for both broadband transparent microheating and electrical switching functionalities.
  • Designing metasurfaces for multicolor, narrowband infrared emission with high modulation speeds.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultrafast modulation speed of minimum 187 kHz for infrared emission.
  • Demonstrated dual functionality of Gr-FETs as microheaters and switches, enabling unified array control.
  • Successfully programmed the array to display 26 alphabetical letters through progressive scanning.

Conclusions:

  • The developed reconfigurable thermal metamaterial array offers unprecedented programming flexibility for thermal signatures.
  • The integration of graphene transistors provides efficient and fast control over infrared emission.
  • This technology paves the way for universal thermal signature control in advanced thermal-infrared applications.