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Periodontitis and Periodontal Conditions in Systemically Healthy Children and Adolescents
Inbar Eshkol-Yogev1, Nagore Ambrosio2, Cheryl Somani3
1Unit of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|August 7, 2025
Summary
Periodontitis and necrotising periodontal diseases (NPD) in children show highly variable prevalence, with limited evidence quality. Gingival recession is also common, often linked to orthodontic treatment.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Public Health
Background:
- Periodontal diseases, including periodontitis and necrotising periodontal diseases (NPD), affect children and adolescents.
- Understanding the epidemiology, aetiology, and risk factors of these conditions in young populations is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the main features of periodontitis, NPD, and other periodontal conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents.
- To synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of these conditions in pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four databases up to September 2024.
- Studies focusing on children and adolescents (under 18 years) were included.
- A total of 205 articles were selected from 5389 identified publications.
Main Results:
- The majority of included studies focused on periodontitis (n=148), followed by mucogingival conditions (n=42) and NPD (n=13).
- Prevalence of periodontitis ranged from 0.1% to 30.36%, showing an increasing trend over time.
- Prevalence of NPD varied widely (0%-27.1%), influenced by socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Gingival recession prevalence ranged from 1% to 74%.
Conclusions:
- The overall quality of evidence regarding periodontal conditions in children and adolescents is generally very low.
- Prevalence rates for periodontitis, NPD, and gingival recession exhibit significant variability, influenced by diagnostic criteria, risk indicators, and study populations.
- Orthodontic therapy was identified as a notable associated factor for gingival recession.
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