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Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all phenomena. The word "physics" comes from the Greek word "phúsis", which means nature. Physics seeks to comprehend the natural world around us at its most fundamental level. It emphasizes the use of quantitative laws to do this, which could be valuable in other fields that want to push the performance boundaries of present...
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Problem-solving is the ability to apply general physical principles to specific situations, usually expressed by equations. It is an essential skill in physics, and can also be useful for applying physics in everyday life as well. Analytical skills and problem-solving abilities can be applied to new situations, compared to a list of facts, which can never be extensive enough to include every possible circumstance. To solve physics problems, a certain amount of creativity and insight is...
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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces01:24

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There are four fundamental forces in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. To compare the numerical strengths of the first two, take two particles of the same kind. Since electrons are fundamental particles, they are a good example.
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The equation of state is an equation that relates physical quantities, such as pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles, of a thermodynamics system with each other. The equation relating physical quantities with each other can be a simple mathematical expression or too complicated to express in mathematical form. In either case, a relationship between physical quantities exists. If the equation of state cannot be expressed in a mathematical form, then experimental data and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
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Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

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Gender differences in collaboration and career progression in physics.

Mingrong She1, Jan Bachmann2,3,4, Fariba Karimi2,3

  • 1Department of Data Analytics and Digitalisation, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Royal Society Open Science
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender in physics collaboration networks shows women face barriers. While collaboration

Keywords:
career progressioncollaboration behaviourego networksgender differencesphysics

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Sociology of Science
  • Bibliometrics

Background:

  • Understanding gender disparities in academic career progression is crucial for promoting equity in science.
  • Collaboration networks play a significant role in academic success, but their impact may differ by gender.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in collaboration patterns within physics.
  • To analyze the relationship between collaboration behavior, network structure, and academic career progression (Principal Investigator status, career length) in physics.
  • To determine if the impact of collaboration on career progression varies between male and female physicists.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of collaboration networks using bibliometric data from physics publications.
  • Application of logistic regression and accelerated failure time models to assess career progression.
  • Quantification of collaboration metrics such as unique collaborators, co-authorship, and network density.

Main Results:

  • The association between collaborative behavior and career progression is similar for men and women when controlling for publication count.
  • Achieving Principal Investigator (PI) status is linked to publishing with a higher number of unique collaborators.
  • Frequent collaboration with the same interconnected groups or having many co-authors per paper correlates with shorter careers and failure to attain PI status.
  • Women in physics tend to collaborate in larger and more tightly-knit groups compared to men.
  • Women are less likely to become PIs and have lower career survival probabilities than men.

Conclusions:

  • While the effect of collaboration on career progression is gender-neutral regarding unique collaborators, women face systemic disadvantages in achieving senior academic positions in physics.
  • Collaboration network structures differ by gender, with women's tendency towards larger, denser groups potentially impacting their career trajectory.
  • Policies are needed to address the observed gender gap in Principal Investigator attainment and career longevity in physics.