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Infant anaphylaxis and epinephrine use: Can we improve acute management?
Aikaterini Anagnostou1, Matthew Greenhawt2, S Shahzad Mustafa3,4
1From the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Background:
Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.
Methods:
The true prevalence of infant anaphylaxis is unknown, but such cases may be increasing in presentation of these patients to emergency departments, with studies that evaluate health-care utilization after implementation of early introduction guidelines that report an increase in the use of emergency department for food-related visits as well as an increase in epinephrine prescriptions for infants.
Results:
Reasons for these increases may include early food introduction as well as therapeutic interventions such as early life or preschool oral immunotherapy.
Conclusion:
Infant anaphylaxis presents many diagnostic challenges, including poor recognition attributable to confusing signs and symptoms that may be age specific, and risk for inadequate acute management.
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