Current Progress of Tissue Engineering With Stem Cells in Urology Updated Review in 2025

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Urology
• Stem Cell Biology

Background:

• Tissue engineering aims to restore organ structure and function using cells, scaffolds, and factors.
• Stem cell integration has significantly advanced preclinical models for kidney, bladder, and urethral regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress and challenges of stem cell-based tissue engineering in urology.
• To highlight the potential of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells in organ regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Review of pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells) for kidney organoids.
• Evaluation of multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, urine-derived stem cells) for bladder and urethral repair.
• Discussion of challenges including vascularization, functional integration, safety, and scalability.

Main Results:

• Pluripotent stem cells show potential in kidney organoid development.
• Multipotent stem cells demonstrate promise in bladder and urethral repair due to immunomodulatory properties.
• Key challenges for clinical application include vascularization, functional integration, long-term safety, and scalability.

Conclusions:

• Despite challenges in kidney and lower urinary tract regeneration, clinical translation is becoming more feasible.
• Urologists must stay informed and collaborate with basic scientists to guide regenerative strategies.
• Integrating clinical expertise with basic science is crucial for developing effective, patient-specific therapies.