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Stress hyperglycemia in pediatric patients as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes - a single center experience

Giora Weiser1,2, Yitshak Yaniv3, Saar Hashavya2,4

  • 1Pediatric Emergency Department, 26743 Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|August 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with stress hyperglycemia in the emergency department face a higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Close follow-up is recommended for early diagnosis in these pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Stress hyperglycemia is common in pediatric emergency departments, often linked to severe illnesses.
  • Previous research on the link between stress hyperglycemia and type 1 diabetes mellitus has yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between stress hyperglycemia in children and the subsequent development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • To determine if pediatric patients with stress hyperglycemia have an increased risk for type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective follow-up cohort study of children admitted with stress hyperglycemia between 2010-2014.
  • Evaluation of the cohort over a 10-year period for type 1 diabetes mellitus development.
  • Comparison of the study group's incidence to the general population's incidence in Israel.

Main Results:

  • 1,184 pediatric admissions with stress hyperglycemia were recorded.
  • Infectious and respiratory diseases were the most frequent associated diagnoses.
  • An odds ratio of 14.95 indicated a significantly higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes in the cohort compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric patients presenting with stress hyperglycemia may have an elevated risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • Close monitoring and advanced testing are suggested for early diagnosis in at-risk children.
  • This finding highlights the importance of considering long-term metabolic implications in pediatric emergency care.
Abstract

Keywords:
diabetes mellituspediatric emergency departmentstress hyperglycemia

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