Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

37
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
37
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

52
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
52
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

43
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
43
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

43
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
43
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

55
A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
55
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

36
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
36

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mini-Crush Technique for Iliac Bifurcation Disease.

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir·2026
Same author

Beyond conventional mechanisms of prosthetic valve thrombosis: immune, genetic, hematologic, hormonal, and hemodynamic perspectives.

Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis·2026
Same author

Prognostic value of the CALLY index in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
Same author

Reply to the Letter to the Editor: "Exploring the Multifaceted Nexus of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Clinical Outcomes".

Anatolian journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

PCI for Ostial Stenosis of Left Circumflex or Left Anterior Descending Artery.

Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions·2026
Same author

Prevalence and characteristics of normal electrocardiograms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Journal of electrocardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
12:17

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Published on: May 21, 2017

11.5K

A predictive model for differentiating causes of elevated mechanical prosthetic aortic valve gradient.

Gamze Babur Guler1, Arda Guler2, Cagdas Topel3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey. gamzebabur@hotmail.com.

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new predictive model accurately identifies causes of high gradients in mechanical aortic prosthetic valves (APVs), distinguishing patient-prosthesis mismatch, thrombus, and pannus. Key predictors include valve opening angle and acceleration time, aiding diagnosis in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
CinefluoroscopyMechanical prosthetic aortic valvePannusPatient-prosthesis mismatchThrombus

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies
06:56

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.1K
Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling
07:31

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Published on: April 16, 2021

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
12:17

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Published on: May 21, 2017

11.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies
06:56

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.1K
Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling
07:31

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Published on: April 16, 2021

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Increased transvalvular gradients in aortic prosthetic valves (APVs) pose diagnostic challenges, often necessitating advanced multimodality imaging (MMI).
  • Predictive models can provide crucial insights, particularly in resource-limited environments.
  • Differentiating causes of high gradients is vital for effective APV management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a predictive model for differentiating causes of high gradients in mechanical APVs.
  • To identify key clinical and echocardiographic parameters predictive of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM), thrombus, or pannus formation.
  • To assess the model's diagnostic performance using established metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 159 patients with high-gradient mechanical APVs.
  • Inclusion of clinical data, laboratory findings, time in therapeutic range (TTR), and MMI.
  • Development of a multivariate multinomial logistic regression model to predict diagnostic groups (PPM, thrombus, pannus).

Main Results:

  • The model identified APV opening angle, acceleration time (AT), APV age, APV size, and effective TTR as significant predictors.
  • APV opening angle and AT were the most influential variables, explaining 65% of outcome variation.
  • The model achieved a high macro-average multi-class AUC of 0.95, with individual AUCs ranging from 0.94 to 0.98.

Conclusions:

  • A novel predictive model effectively distinguishes between PPM, thrombus, and pannus in mechanical APVs.
  • Valve opening angle and acceleration time are critical predictors, supporting the use of accessible imaging modalities.
  • This model offers a valuable tool for diagnosing high gradients in APVs, especially where advanced imaging is unavailable.