Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 12, 2025
Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19
Published on: February 16, 2022
Using the CARD system for university-based pop-up vaccination clinics: A two-stage hybrid
Victoria Gudzak1, Charlotte Logeman2, Natalie Crown3
1Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Insights
The Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract (CARD) system significantly improved vaccine recipient experiences and reduced fear and pain in university clinics. Pharmacy students found CARD acceptable and feasible for sustained use in mass vaccination settings.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Pharmacy Education
- Vaccination Delivery Systems
Background:
- Mass vaccination clinics are crucial for public health.
- The Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract (CARD) system aims to enhance vaccination experiences for recipients and providers.
- University-based clinics offer a unique setting for studying vaccination delivery frameworks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To implement and sustain the CARD system in university-based vaccination clinics.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of CARD on vaccine recipient experiences and symptoms.
- To assess the attitudes and behaviors of pharmacy student vaccinators regarding the CARD system.
Main Methods:
- A two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design.
- Stage 1: Before-and-after study in COVID-19 vaccination clinics (Nov-Dec 2022).
- Stage 2: Single cohort study sustaining CARD in COVID-19/influenza clinics (Nov 2023).
- Surveys assessed recipient experiences and symptoms; student vaccinators completed attitude/behavior surveys and focus groups.
Main Results:
- In Stage 1, significantly more recipients reported better experiences after CARD implementation (64.0% vs 33.6%).
- Lower fear and pain scores were observed post-CARD implementation.
- In Stage 2, 57.4% of recipients reported an improved vaccination experience.
- Pharmacy students demonstrated positive attitudes towards CARD's acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability with high fidelity.
Conclusions:
- The CARD system effectively improves vaccine recipient experiences in university-based clinics.
- CARD is a feasible and sustainable vaccination delivery framework for pharmacy student vaccinators.
- Implementing CARD is recommended for enhancing patient and provider satisfaction in vaccination settings.
Abstract:
Mass vaccination clinics efficiently vaccinate large numbers of people. The CARD system (Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract) is a vaccination delivery framework that can improve the experiences of vaccine recipients and providers. This two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study implemented and sustained CARD in university-based vaccination clinics involving pharmacy student vaccinators. Stage 1 was a before-and-after study conducted across four COVID-19 vaccination clinics in November-December, 2022. Stage 2 was a single cohort study whereby CARD was sustained across four COVID-19/influenza vaccination clinics in November, 2023. In both stages, vaccine recipients rated experiences relative to last vaccination (primary outcome) and symptoms (pain, fear, dizziness) using surveys. Pharmacy student vaccinators completed attitudes and behaviors surveys; a subsample participated in focus groups. In Stage 1, more vaccine recipients in the after period (vs. before) reported a better vaccination experience relative to their last vaccination (64.0% vs 33.6%; p < .001; n = 181). Fear and pain were lower (1.1 vs. 1.7, p = .03; and 1.6 vs. 2.1, p = .02, respectively). In Stage 2, 57.4% (95% CI: 53.1%-61.6%; n = 542) of vaccine recipients reported a better experience. Across stages, pharmacy students had positive attitudes about acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of CARD and reported high fidelity with CARD-recommended interventions. CARD is recommended for university-based vaccination clinics to improve vaccine recipient and provider experiences.
More Related Videos
11:17A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo
Published on: August 11, 2018
08:10Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
Published on: November 28, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:20Study Designs in Epidemiology
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
01:51Vaccinations
01:11Secondary Healthcare System