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Itamar Procaccia1,2, Tuhin Samanta2

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a novel dipole-induced transition in 3D amorphous solids, revealing an intermediate phase between elastic and fluid states. This transition involves plasticity and symmetry breaking, akin to 2D topological transitions.

Keywords:
amorphous solidsmechanical responsephase transitionsplasticityscreening

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Topological phase transitions, like the Kosterlitz-Thouless and Hexatic transitions, are well-established phenomena driven by dipoles (vortices, dislocations) but are confined to two dimensions.
  • Understanding transitions in amorphous solids is crucial for predicting material behavior under stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel dipole-induced transition in the 3D mechanical response of amorphous solids to applied strain.
  • To identify and characterize an intermediate phase between normal elastic response and fluid states in amorphous solids.
  • To elucidate the role of nonaffine quadrupolar events and symmetry breaking in this 3D transition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the mechanical response of athermal amorphous solids under varying pressure (strain).
  • Characterization of the displacement field to identify nonaffine quadrupolar events.
  • Examination of angular correlations and their correlation lengths to determine critical scaling exponents.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a genuine dipole-induced transition in 3D amorphous solids, distinct from 2D topological transitions.
  • Discovery of an intermediate phase characterized by plasticity and nonaffine quadrupolar events, occurring between high-pressure elastic and zero-pressure fluid states.
  • Observation of symmetry breaking (translational and chiral) due to screened elasticity, with diverging correlation lengths at the transition.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a new class of dipole-induced transitions in 3D amorphous solids, extending the concept beyond 2D topological systems.
  • The identified intermediate phase exhibits unique mechanical properties driven by quadrupolar events and symmetry breaking.
  • The findings provide critical insights into the fundamental physics of amorphous solids and their response to mechanical stress.