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VOCs-mediated allelopathy by Bacillus subtilis on suppressing drainage malodor.

Zhaoxin Zhang1, Meng Li2, Lirong Hui3

  • 1Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus subtilis-derived microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) effectively suppress odor-causing bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This biocontrol strategy significantly reduces odor compounds and microbial viability in drainage systems.

Keywords:
Bacillus subtilisEnvironmental pollution controlMicrobial VOCs interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are crucial mediators of microbial community interactions.
  • Odorous emissions from drainage systems pose significant environmental challenges.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key contributor to malodorous volatile compounds in aquatic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the allelopathic potential of Bacillus subtilis-derived mVOCs against odor-producing bacteria.
  • To assess the impact of B. subtilis mVOCs on microbial community volatile emissions and odor intensity in drainage systems.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of B. subtilis mVOCs as a biocontrol agent for odor mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to B. subtilis-derived mVOCs.
  • Analysis of volatile organic compound profiles in coastal drainage microbial communities.
  • Quantification of odor intensity (sum of odor intensities, SOI) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
  • Assessment of microbial viability and community structure shifts.

Main Results:

  • B. subtilis mVOCs significantly reduced P. aeruginosa viability by impairing metabolic and respiratory functions.
  • Key odor compounds (methylamine, acetaldehyde, nonane, dodecane) were reduced by over 95% in drainage systems.
  • Odor intensity (SOI) decreased substantially, and microbial viability declined significantly under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
  • Specific shifts in microbial community composition were observed, including changes in the abundance of Marinomonas, Thalassolituus, Psychrosphaera, and Maricurvus.

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus subtilis-derived mVOCs demonstrate potent allelopathic activity against odor-causing bacteria.
  • mVOCs offer a promising biocontrol strategy for reducing odor pollution in complex microbial environments like coastal drainage systems.
  • This approach presents an innovative, environmentally friendly solution for odor management in aquatic ecosystems.