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Retinal changes in the selenium deficient rat.

T Amemiya

    International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Selenium deficiency in rats damages retinal nerve cells, particularly amacrine and horizontal cells. Long-term deficiency also leads to photoreceptor cell loss, indicating neurotoxic effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for various physiological functions.
    • Retinal integrity relies on adequate nutrient supply, including selenium.
    • Selenium deficiency is linked to various health issues, but its specific impact on retinal neural cells requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of long-term selenium deficiency on the cellular structure of the rat retina.
    • To identify specific retinal cell types affected by nutritional selenium deprivation.
    • To determine the correlation between selenium deficiency duration and observed retinal changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Light and electron microscopy were employed to examine retinal tissues from rats.

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  • Rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet for extended periods (12 months and over 1.5 years).
  • Cellular nuclei counts and lipofuscin granule presence were analyzed in different retinal layers.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant decrease in the number of nuclei in the inner nuclear layer was observed after 12 months.
    • Nuclei of amacrine and horizontal cells showed a prominent reduction in number.
    • After more than 1.5 years, a marked decrease in photoreceptor cells was evident, without increased lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium deficiency induces significant neurodegenerative changes in the rat retina.
    • Specific retinal interneurons (amacrine and horizontal cells) are particularly vulnerable to selenium deprivation.
    • Prolonged selenium deficiency leads to photoreceptor cell loss, suggesting a broader neurotoxic impact.