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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
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Intracellular complement in monocytes and macrophages: emerging roles.

Valentin Baverel1, Carmen Garrido2, Evelyne Kohli3

  • 1Université Bourgogne Europe, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France; UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.

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PubMed
Summary

Intracellular complement, or the complosome, is found within monocytes and macrophages, influencing cell functions and homeostasis. This review explores its roles and disease connections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Complement functions are well-established extracellularly, involving systemic and local actions.
  • A novel intracellular complement compartment ('complosome') was discovered in CD4+ T cells in 2013.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review intracellular complement within monocytes/macrophages.
  • To define intracellular complement and its expression.
  • To discuss its functions and potential disease links in these cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement system and intracellular complement.
  • Focus on monocytes and macrophages as key cell types.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on intracellular complement expression and function.

Main Results:

  • Intracellular complement exhibits autocrine functions in cell metabolism and homeostasis.
  • It responds to infectious and noninfectious stimuli, similar to extracellular complement.
  • Evidence suggests intracellular complement plays a role in monocytes/macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Intracellular complement represents an emerging research area with significant implications.
  • Understanding its role in monocytes/macrophages is key to comprehending immune responses.
  • Further research may reveal links to various human diseases.