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Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Virtual Reality for Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management: Exploring Methods and Efficacy.

Sidhant Kalsotra¹, Dillon Froass², Aneesha Gupta³

¹Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|August 7, 2025

Summary

Virtual reality (VR) offers a promising non-pharmacological approach to manage postoperative pain in children, potentially reducing opioid use. While effective for short-term relief, optimizing VR session timing and frequency is key for sustained benefits.

Keywords:

analgesia pain management pediatrics post-operative virtual reality

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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Published on: January 27, 2010

Area of Science:

Medical Technology
Pediatric Anesthesiology
Pain Management

Background:

Ineffective postoperative pain management in children leads to significant morbidity and increased healthcare costs.
Traditional pain relief methods face limitations, especially concerning long-term opioid use in pediatric patients.
Virtual reality (VR) presents a novel non-pharmacological strategy for pediatric pain control.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the evidence and potential of VR as part of multimodal pain management for hospitalized children.
To explore various VR therapeutic modalities and their neurobiological mechanisms for pain relief.
To discuss the practical implementation and future directions of VR in pediatric pain management.

Main Methods:

Review of current evidence on VR for pediatric pain management, including different therapeutic approaches.
Analysis of neurobiological mechanisms underlying VR's analgesic effects (e.g., gate control theory, attention modulation).
Examination of recent study findings on VR's impact on pain intensity, unpleasantness, and anxiety in pediatric surgical patients.

Main Results:

Several VR modalities show potential in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric populations.
VR activates analgesic and emotional regulation pathways, competing with pain signals.
Studies indicate VR can decrease postoperative pain, unpleasantness, and anxiety, potentially reducing the need for rescue analgesia.

Conclusions:

VR is a promising adjunct to traditional pain management, offering a non-opioid alternative for children.
VR's analgesic effects are transient (15-30 minutes), necessitating optimized session protocols.
Implementation challenges include cost, access, logistics, and staff training, requiring further attention for widespread adoption.