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Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Protein Concentration for Weight Loss Maintenance
Hanyue Zhang1, Aikaterina Vasileiou2, Dominique Searle3
1Research Unit for Diet and Health, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|August 7, 2025
Summary
Maintaining adequate protein intake and limiting discretionary foods are key for successful weight loss maintenance. This helps control energy intake and supports long-term weight management.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Obesity Research
- Dietary Assessment
Background:
- Weight loss maintenance (WLM) is challenging for adults who achieve initial weight loss.
- Understanding the role of dietary macronutrient composition is crucial for effective WLM strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between dietary macronutrient composition and 12-month WLM.
- To identify specific food sources influencing energy intake and WLM.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort analysis of 1518 adults from the Navigating to a Healthy Weight trial.
- Dietary macronutrient composition assessed via 4-day, 24-hour recalls.
- Nutritional geometry approach used to analyze macronutrient associations with WLM outcomes.
Main Results:
- Lower proportional energy from protein, especially when diluted by high fat/carbohydrate, correlated with increased energy intake and weight regain.
- Discretionary food consumption significantly increased energy intake by reducing protein's proportional energy.
- Weight, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and hip-to-height ratio (HHtR) increased with lower protein intake; fat mass index (FMI) did not.
Conclusions:
- Maintaining proportional energy from protein is vital for WLM.
- Limiting discretionary food intake is a key strategy to improve WLM by reducing energy intake and preserving protein's role.
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