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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Regional and systemic adipose mass and peripheral conduit artery function.

Denis J Wakeham1, Benjamin E Beckman2, Mona Mashayekhi3

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In adults with obesity and insulin resistance, higher visceral adiposity is linked to poorer vascular function, unlike overall body fat. This suggests visceral fat distribution uniquely impacts vascular health beyond metabolic effects.

Keywords:
AdiposityInsulin resistanceLean massPre-diabetesVascular function

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic and Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Obesity and Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vascular and metabolic functions are closely linked.
  • Previous research indicates a connection between body mass index (BMI), visceral adiposity, and reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
  • The relationship between adiposity distribution and vascular function in pre-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between whole-body and regional adiposity and vascular function in pre-diabetic adults with obesity.
  • To determine if visceral adiposity is independently linked to impaired vascular function in this population.

Main Methods:

  • 93 pre-diabetic adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) were assessed.
  • Body composition (DEXA), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, Matsuda Index), and brachial artery FMD were measured.
  • Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) showed no significant association with BMI, total body fat, or arm fat.
  • An inverse correlation was observed between FMD and Waist:Hip ratio, total body lean mass, and arm lean mass.
  • The association between FMD and Waist:Hip ratio remained significant after adjusting for insulin resistance and sex.

Conclusions:

  • Higher visceral adiposity, indicated by Waist:Hip ratio, is independently associated with impaired vascular function in adults with obesity and insulin resistance.
  • Systemic and regional fat mass were not significantly associated with vascular function in this cohort.
  • Visceral fat distribution may negatively impact vascular health independently of its effects on insulin sensitivity.