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From Bench Testing to Virtual Implantation: A Comparative Study Between Poly-l-Lactic Acid and Nickel-Titanium

Agnese Lucchetti1, Levi G Juhl1, Anna Corti2

  • 1Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|August 7, 2025
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Summary

Bioresorbable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) stents show limited mechanical performance for peripheral artery disease treatment. In silico analysis revealed insufficient support and risks like deformation compared to nickel-titanium (NiTi) stents.

Keywords:
bioresorbable stentfinite element analysisperipheral artery diseasepolymeric stent

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Medical Device Design
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Bioresorbable braided stents offer temporary support for peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  • Previous research indicates lower mechanical performance of bioresorbable stents versus metallic stents.
  • The efficacy of bioresorbable stents in lower limb arteries remains largely uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in silico performance of a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) braided stent for lower limb artery treatment.
  • To compare the mechanical performance of PLLA stents with nickel-titanium (NiTi) stents.
  • To assess the suitability of PLLA stents for effective PAD treatment in the lower limbs.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of a finite element (FE) model for a PLLA stent.
  • FE simulations of bench tests (parallel plate compression, crimping) comparing PLLA and NiTi stents.
  • Virtual implantation of PLLA and NiTi stents in a patient-specific lower limb artery model with varying arterial wall conditions.

Main Results:

  • FE analysis confirmed significantly lower force generation by the PLLA stent compared to the NiTi stent.
  • Virtual implantation demonstrated limited short-term performance of the PLLA stent in PAD treatment.
  • Identified risks for PLLA stents include permanent deformation, low lumen gain, incomplete stent apposition, and non-uniform contact pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The PLLA braided stent exhibits insufficient mechanical performance for effective treatment of lower limb peripheral artery disease.
  • Current PLLA stent designs may pose risks of suboptimal deployment and arterial wall interaction.
  • Further optimization of bioresorbable stent design is necessary to match the mechanical support of metallic stents for PAD applications.