Odontogenic myxoma with calcifications: diagnostic features of a rare tumor

Odontogenic myxomas (OM) are rare, benign odontogenic tumors known for their diagnostic complexity, local aggressiveness and risk of recurrence. Calcifications within these tumors are extremely rare, reported in fewer than ten cases in the literature. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding surgical management and minimizing recurrence.

We present the case of a 47-year-old male who had an asymptomatic radiolucent lesion in the right mandible detected incidentally on routine panoramic radiography. Biopsy and subsequent histopathological examination raised the differential diagnosis of OM with calcifications. The patient underwent subsequent enucleation and peripheral ostectomy, with subsequent histopathological examination confirming a diagnosis of OM with calcifications. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no recurrence at 18 months.

The precise aetiology of OM remains uncertain, as is the clinicopathological significance of rare calcifications. Due to its rarity and similarity to other fibro-osseous lesions, careful histopathological examination is essential to ensure correct diagnosis and guide appropriate surgical management, thereby reducing the risk of recurrence for the patient.

OM with calcifications is exceptionally rare. Clinicians and pathologists should remain aware of rare variations, such as calcifications, to avoid diagnostic errors that may compromise surgical planning and patient outcomes.