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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Published on: November 10, 2023

Nanotechnology for immuno-oncology.

Adam J Grippin¹, DaeYong Lee^2,3, Eileen E Parkes⁴

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

|August 8, 2025

Summary

Nanomaterials offer new ways to improve cancer immunotherapy by increasing treatment effectiveness and delivery. This review explores their potential, limitations, and clinical development for better antitumor responses.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Nanotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

First-generation cancer immunotherapeutics have shown significant clinical benefits.
There is an ongoing need for enhanced treatment specificity, delivery, and pharmacokinetics in cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the advantages and limitations of using nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
To highlight rational applications of nanosystems for potent and durable antitumor immune responses.
To summarize the clinical development status of nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
Analysis of nanosystem strategies for immune response generation.
Survey of current clinical trials and development of nanomedicine.

Main Results:

Nanomaterials present significant potential for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
Specific rational uses of nanosystems can elicit potent and durable antitumor immune responses.
Several nanomedicine-based immunotherapies are progressing through clinical development.

Conclusions:

Nanomaterials are promising tools for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
Optimizing nanosystem design and application is crucial for maximizing therapeutic benefits.
Further clinical development is essential to translate nanomedicine potential into widespread patient benefit.