An Updated Perspective on Skin Disease Therapy: From Conventional Methods to Nanocarrier Innovations

Skin conditions are becoming more prevalent these days, affecting millions of people daily. Skin disorders include a wide range of conditions that can be benign or even fatal. Several pathogenic infections or inflammatory conditions have historically been the primary causes of skin diseases, causing major challenges. As demonstrated by studies, dermatological conditions are extremely severe, commonly impacting people of all ages and regions, but especially in developing nations, and imposing a heavy social and psychological burden. Conventional topical treatments for several skin diseases suffer from inefficacy, prolonged treatment duration, recurrence, and systemic side effects due to poor drug delivery. The skin's fundamental resistance to drug penetration also poses a significant hurdle. Nanocarriers are one of the most promising approaches since they address the drawbacks of conventional formulations and offer effective drug delivery via the skin. By using nanocarriers to provide continuous release and maintain a localized effect, many diseases or skin conditions can be effectively treated. This review discusses various common skin diseases, challenges associated with conventional treatments, and the impact of nanomedicine on dermatological care. Discussing the role of interleukins, this review also modulates the immune responses implicated in several skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.