Mapping Automatic Alerting Concepts in the Early Rescue Chain to ICD-11

The early rescue chain (ERC) is a sequence of actions initiated by alerts. After alerting, responding systems and hospital emergency units ensure an effective response. However, automatic alerting systems (AAS) and early warning systems require full machine-to-machine communication of event information. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes essential accident information, but the conceptual relationships between the two remain unexplored. We utilized high-level Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) concept map relationships to designate the semantic correspondence. Our mapping revealed key findings for the three identified automatic alerting concepts: (i) Events: 9/10 natural disaster concepts have equivalent mappings. Concepts of transport accidents, falls, and external violence have more related mappings. Technical disaster concepts show a mix of equivalent and no match mappings. (ii) Type of Transport: Among land transport concepts, 13/37 are equivalent, while 11/37 are related. Water transport features 8/25 narrower concepts, 7/25 related concepts, and 6/25 no match concepts. Air transport includes 8/22 narrower concepts and 6/22 no match concepts. (iii) Location: Types of building concepts have 23/44 equivalent mappings, while 15/44 concepts on indoor location and 21/48 concepts on outdoor location tend to have no match mappings. Our mapping revealed that equivalent, broader, narrower, and related to concepts outnumbered no matches for each automatic alerting concept. Hence, to use ICD-11 for the ERC, its revisions should align with ERC needs, addressing narrower, related, and no match concepts. We also want to point out that the number of concept mapping is preliminary, as the underlying AAS terminology is also subject to change.