Cancer‑associated fibroblasts in human malignancies, with a particular emphasis on sarcomas (Review)

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Tumor Microenvironment Research
• Cancer Biology

Background:

• Immunotherapy efficacy has plateaued, particularly in solid tumors.
• Research focus is shifting to the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).
• CAFs are implicated in treatment resistance, but their role in sarcomas is understudied compared to carcinomas.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the literature gap on CAFs in sarcomas.
• To summarize current knowledge of CAFs in carcinomas and sarcomas.
• To propose novel therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of CAFs in carcinomas and sarcomas.
• Integration of existing data on CAF functions and roles.
• Identification of potential therapeutic targets and strategies.

Main Results:

• CAFs are significant contributors to cancer progression and treatment resistance.
• A significant knowledge gap exists regarding the specific functions of CAFs in sarcomas.
• Existing research on CAFs in carcinomas provides a foundation for understanding their role in sarcomas.

Conclusions:

• Targeting CAFs presents a promising avenue for overcoming treatment resistance in various cancers, including sarcomas.
• Further research into sarcoma-specific CAF functions is crucial for developing effective therapies.
• Novel therapeutic approaches targeting CAFs could significantly impact future cancer research and patient outcomes.