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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A

Azad Mojahedi1, Andreas P Kalogeropoulos2, On Chen2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|August 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cystatin C (CysC) shows higher sensitivity than serum creatinine for early detection of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Integrating CysC into clinical practice may improve CI-AKI diagnosis and patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), accounting for 11% of cases.
  • Conventional biomarkers like serum creatinine (SCr) have limitations in early CI-AKI detection.
  • Cystatin C (CysC) is being investigated as a more sensitive biomarker for CI-AKI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of CysC for predicting CI-AKI in patients undergoing coronary procedures.
  • To compare the effectiveness of CysC against traditional markers like SCr.
  • To assess CysC's role in early CI-AKI detection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies published between January 2020 and March 2025 using PubMed.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on original studies examining CysC for early CI-AKI detection in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  • Data extraction from 7 prospective studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Elevated preoperative CysC levels correlated with a higher risk of CI-AKI.
  • CysC demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity compared to SCr for CI-AKI prediction.
  • Consistent trends highlighted CysC's potential as an early indicator of renal dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • CysC appears to be a more sensitive biomarker than SCr for early CI-AKI detection.
  • Integrating CysC measurement could enhance early diagnosis and management of CI-AKI, improving patient outcomes.
  • Future research should standardize CysC cut-off values and explore broader clinical implications.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycontrast-induced nephropathycoronary angiographycystatin Cpercutaneous coronary interventionsystematic review

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