Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

53
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
53
Bacterial Phylum Firmicutes01:27

Bacterial Phylum Firmicutes

148
Firmicutes is a diverse phylum of Gram-positive bacteria characterized by a low GC content in their genomes. This phylum includes organisms with monoderm or diderm cell envelopes, highlighting a complex evolutionary history. Firmicutes comprises several major orders, including Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Bacillales, which exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, metabolism, and ecological roles.The order Lactobacillales includes lactic acid bacteria, which are fermentative...
148
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

65
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
65
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

92
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
92
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

646
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
646
Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

98
Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
98

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Bacterial Infections: A Broad Review of the Field.

BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy·2026
Same author

Phase variable colony morphotypes of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> elicit distinct host responses during acute infection.

Infection and immunity·2026
Same author

T cell dysregulation and remodeling in pediatric obesity and weight loss.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Glucuronidation metabolomic fingerprinting to map host-microbe metabolism.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Metabolic and transcriptional plasticity supports CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell resilience and anti-tumor immunity under nutrient stress.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Pharmacological reduction of neutrophil infiltration reduces <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection severity.

mBio·2026
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

12.7K

Enterococcus faecalis modulates phase variation in Clostridioides difficile.

Ashley S Weiss1, Jilarie A Santos-Santiago2, Orlaith Keenan1

  • 1Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterococcus faecalis influences Clostridioides difficile phase variation, promoting cell chaining and rough colonies. This highlights how gut microbial interactions shape pathogen heterogeneity during infection.

More Related Videos

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

9.1K
Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
09:49

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

12.7K
A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

9.1K
Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
09:49

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Enteric pathogens like Clostridioides difficile adapt via phase variation, creating diverse populations.
  • The influence of gut microbiota and polymicrobial interactions on pathogen heterogeneity is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Enterococcus faecalis affects the phase variable CmrRST system in Clostridioides difficile.
  • To understand the role of polymicrobial interactions in shaping pathogen phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of E. faecalis and C. difficile on solid media.
  • Analysis of C. difficile colony morphology and cell chaining.
  • Comparison of E. faecalis with other enterococcal species.

Main Results:

  • E. faecalis induced a switch in C. difficile to the cmr-ON state, characterized by cell chaining and rough colonies.
  • This effect was specific to E. faecalis, with other enterococci showing no similar impact.
  • Suggests a critical role for specific microbial compositions in pathogen adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Polymicrobial interactions, specifically with E. faecalis, significantly impact C. difficile phenotypic heterogeneity.
  • Microbial ecology within the gut plays a crucial role in pathogen adaptation and persistence.
  • Findings reveal complex mechanisms underlying pathogen adaptation in polymicrobial environments.