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Related Concept Videos

The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Dynamin regulates PLK-1 localization and spindle pole assembly during mitosis.

Carter Dierlam1, Livinus Anyanwu2, Stephanie Held3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The dynamin homolog DYN-1 regulates mitotic spindle poles and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) localization. Depleting DYN-1 disrupts PLK-1 removal from centrosomes, causing cytokinesis defects.

Keywords:
Plk1cytokinesisdynaminmidbodymitosis

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Accurate cytokinesis is crucial for genomic stability.
  • The GTPase dynamin's role in mitosis is largely unknown, despite its established function in vesicular transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the C. elegans dynamin homolog, DYN-1, during mitosis.
  • To determine DYN-1's role in mitotic spindle pole assembly and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) localization.

Main Methods:

  • Depletion of DYN-1 in C. elegans embryos.
  • Analysis of mitotic spindle pole morphology.
  • Assessment of PLK-1 localization at centrosomes and midbody.
  • Depletion of DNM2 (human DYN-1 homolog) in HeLa cells.

Main Results:

  • DYN-1 depletion caused enlarged metaphase spindle poles and increased centrosome-associated PLK-1.
  • PLK-1 failed to relocate from centrosomes to the midbody in DYN-1-depleted embryos, leading to midbody defects.
  • Total PLK-1 protein levels were not altered by DNM2 depletion in HeLa cells.

Conclusions:

  • DYN-1 is a novel regulator of PLK-1 localization during mitosis.
  • Impaired PLK-1 removal from centrosomes upon DYN-1 depletion may cause cytokinesis defects.