Role of the parasympathetic nervous system in acute lung response to ozone

We conducted an ozone (O3) exposure study using atropine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, to determine the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the acute response to O3. Eight normal subjects with predetermined O3 responsiveness were randomly assigned an order for four experimental exposures. For each exposure a subject inhaled either buffered saline or atropine aerosol followed by exposure either to clean air or 0.4 ppm O3. Measurements of lung mechanics, ventilatory response to exercise, and symptoms were obtained before and after exposure. O3 exposure alone resulted in significant changes in specific airway resistance, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow rates, tidal volume (VT), and respiratory rate (f). Atropine pretreatment prevented the significant increase in airway resistance with O3 exposure and partially blocked the decrease in forced expiratory flow rates but did not prevent a significant fall in FVC, changes in f and VT, or the frequency of reported respiratory symptoms after O3. These results suggest that the increase in pulmonary resistance during O3 exposure is mediated by a parasympathetic mechanism and that changes in other measured variables are mediated, at least partially, by mechanisms not dependent on muscarinic cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system.