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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
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Intersecting vulnerabilities: Race, Depression, and White Matter Hyperintensity burden in Aging.

Farooq Kamal1,2, Roqaie Moqadam2, Cassandra Morrison3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Depression exacerbates white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cognitive decline in Black and Hispanic older adults. White older adults did not show these effects, suggesting race and depression interact to impact brain health.

Keywords:
White matter hyperintensitycognitive agingdementiadepressionethnicityrace

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are indicators of brain aging, linked to cognitive decline and dementia.
  • Existing research on how race, ethnicity, and depression affect WMHs is inconsistent.
  • This study investigates the combined impact of race/ethnicity and depression on WMHs and cognitive function in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the interactive effects of race/ethnicity and depression on white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in older adults.
  • To determine how these demographic and clinical factors influence the relationship between WMH burden and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2,411 older adults from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.
  • Employed bootstrap sampling to match White and Black participant groups.
  • Conducted linear regressions to analyze WMH differences and their association with cognition across race/ethnicity and depression status.

Main Results:

  • Black older adults with depression exhibited higher global and regional WMH burden compared to those without depression.
  • Depression significantly altered the association between WMH burden and cognitive impairment in Black and Hispanic older adults.
  • No significant differences in WMH burden were found between White older adults with and without depression.

Conclusions:

  • Race and depression appear to interact, jointly influencing cerebrovascular disease burden.
  • This interaction also affects the relationship between WMH burden and cognitive function in aging and dementia.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering race and depression in understanding brain aging and dementia.