Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
Published on: October 22, 2014
Low Level of Ambient Carbon Monoxide Exposure and Blood Pressure: A Longitudinal Panel Study at the Hourly Level
Liyan Yang1, Zhi Yuan, Lin Miao
1From the Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; and Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Objective:
We aimed to study the acute link between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and blood pressure (BP).
Methods:
A panel study of 40 college students with 4 repeated health examinations measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). CO data came from a nearby monitoring station. Liner mixed-effect models with lagged periods were used.
Results:
Elevated SBP (lag 0-72 hours to 0-4 days), DBP (lag 0-12 hours to 0-4 days), and MAP (lag 0-12 hours to 0-4 days) were linked to CO. Single-lag effects appeared at 7 to 12 hours to 25 to 48 hours. Females (i.e., 5.06 mm Hg SBP) and abnormal body mass index individuals (i.e., 4.14 mm Hg SBP) showed higher BP.
Conclusions:
We observed acute subclinical adverse cardiovascular effects of CO exposure, evidenced by induced elevation in BP.
Related Concept Videos
Measurement of Blood Pressure
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
Factors affecting Blood pressure
Physiological Factors:
Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

