Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Published on: March 25, 2022
Current state, challenges, unmet needs, and future directions in the pharmacological treatment of biliary tract
Michael H Storandt1, Amit Mahipal2
1Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Introduction:
There has been a significant change in the treatment paradigm of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) in recent years with the introduction of chemoimmunotherapy and the development of targeted agents. In the present review, we describe the current landscape of systemic therapy for BTC and discuss forthcoming novel therapeutics.
Areas Covered:
We completed a narrative review using pertinent clinical trials discussing systemic therapy for BTC listed on PubMed, as well as ongoing trials included on clinicaltrials.gov. We discuss evidence for use of systemic therapy in the adjuvant setting and review first- and second-line systemic therapy, including targeted agents, for treatment of advanced BTC.
Expert Opinion:
Despite advances in systemic therapy for BTC, there is a high incidence of recurrence for resected diseases and the prognosis for metastatic diseases remains poor. Development and assessment of novel therapeutics will be essential going forward, as will research regarding means to overcome resistance mechanisms that limit efficacy of targeted agents.
Related Concept Videos
Targeted Cancer Therapies
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
Pharmacologic...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care
Assessment:
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...

