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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Optimizing Extracellular Vesicle Delivery Using a Core-Sheath 3D-Bioprinted Scaffold for Chronic Wound Management
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Published on: February 28, 2025

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Extracellular Vesicles-Enhanced 3D (Bio)Printing for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review.

Mina Medojevic1,2,3,4, Dijana Mitic3, Jelena Jacimovic5

  • 1INSERM, BioTis, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) combined with 3D bioprinting significantly enhance bone regeneration by promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This cell-free approach offers a promising alternative to cell-based therapies for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingbioinkbone regenerationexosomesextracellular vesiclestissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) (bio)printing enables precise fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation.
  • EVs offer a promising cell-free strategy to enhance bone regeneration when incorporated into 3D bioprinted constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the efficacy of EVs-enhanced 3D (bio)printing for bone regeneration.
  • To evaluate studies assessing osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration using EV-containing bioprinted scaffolds.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted across multiple databases.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on in vitro and in vivo studies of EV-containing bioprinted constructs for bone regeneration.
  • 35 out of 552 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review.

Main Results:

  • Extrusion-based bioprinting was the predominant method used.
  • Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were most common.
  • Nearly all studies reported enhanced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in EV-treated groups.

Conclusions:

  • EVs-enhanced 3D bioprinting demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for bone regeneration, retaining stem cell benefits without cell-based therapy drawbacks.
  • Standardization of EV isolation, storage, and delivery is critical for successful clinical translation.
  • This approach highlights the growing importance of EVs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.