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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke
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Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

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Changes in functional outcome after a first-time stroke: Data from a longitudinal study.

Nipaporn Butsing1, Nalinrat Thongniran2, Jesada Keandoungchun3

  • 1Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Ratchathewi, Thailand.

Plos One
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Functional outcomes after stroke significantly improve within six months post-discharge, particularly within the first month. Factors like time, gender, stroke type, and severity influence recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability.
  • Functional recovery post-stroke is critical and time-sensitive.
  • Understanding recovery trajectories and influencing factors is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze functional outcome changes from hospital discharge to six months post-stroke.
  • To identify factors influencing functional recovery during this period.

Main Methods:

  • 155 first-time stroke patients were assessed.
  • Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) were used for evaluation.
  • Friedman tests and linear mixed effect regression analyzed outcome changes.

Main Results:

  • Median mRS improved from 3.0 at discharge to 0.0 at six months.
  • Barthel Index (BI) scores increased significantly, with notable improvements within one month.
  • Female gender, hemorrhagic stroke, and stroke severity were associated with poorer outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Functional outcomes improve significantly within six months post-stroke, with the most rapid gains in the first month.
  • Factors influencing recovery include time post-discharge, gender, stroke subtype, and severity.
  • These findings highlight key targets for post-stroke rehabilitation interventions.