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Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower for Young Adults With Intellectual or Developmental
Alison Prahl1, Kaitlynn Fraze1, Anupama Kannan2
1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Baylor University, Waco, TX.
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
|August 8, 2025
Summary
Functional literacy intervention improved reading comprehension for young adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDDs). The FRAME program showed significant gains in strategy use and comprehension, enhancing independence.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Special Education
Background:
- Reading proficiency is crucial for life quality and societal participation.
- Young adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDDs) often face literacy challenges.
- Targeted interventions can improve functional literacy skills during the critical transition to adulthood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a functional literacy intervention, Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower (FRAME), for young adults with IDDs.
- To assess the impact of the FRAME intervention on reading comprehension strategies and functional text understanding.
- To provide preliminary evidence for literacy supports during the transition period for individuals with disabilities.
Main Methods:
- A pilot randomized clinical trial involving 44 young adults with IDD (ages 18-26).
- Participants were assigned to either the FRAME intervention group or a control group.
- The FRAME group received 24 sessions focusing on reading comprehension strategies using functional texts.
Main Results:
- The FRAME group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the use of reading comprehension strategies (d = 1.09, p = .002).
- Participants in the FRAME group also showed significant gains in multiple-choice comprehension questions (d = 0.79, p = .038).
- No significant differences were found in secondary outcome measures, indicating a need for further research.
Conclusions:
- The FRAME intervention shows preliminary short-term efficacy for enhancing reading comprehension in young adults with IDDs.
- Explicit instruction in reading comprehension strategies within a functional context is key.
- Continued evidence-based literacy support is vital for adult independence and lifelong development.
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