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Methods of Medium Optimization01:28

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis
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Comprehensive study on microwave pyrolysis process variables and operating modes for optimized biochar production.

Padam Prasad Paudel1, Sunyong Park2, Seok Jun Kim3

  • 1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 Dong 192-1, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea; Department of Soil Science and Agri-Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan 44209 Bagmati Province, Nepal.

Bioresource Technology
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis optimizes biochar production from agroforestry waste. Key factors like power and time significantly impact yield and quality, enabling sustainable biomass conversion.

Keywords:
Absolute yieldAgroforestry wasteBioenergyBiomass valorizationEnergy efficiencyThermochemical conversion

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Area of Science:

  • * Sustainable Materials Science
  • * Chemical Engineering
  • * Waste Management

Background:

  • * Agroforestry waste presents a significant disposal challenge.
  • * Biochar production via pyrolysis offers a sustainable solution for waste valorization.
  • * Optimization of microwave-assisted pyrolysis is crucial for efficient biochar generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To systematically investigate microwave-assisted pyrolysis of agroforestry waste.
  • * To evaluate process variables, operating modes, and quantification techniques for biochar production optimization.
  • * To establish tunable and scalable protocols for sustainable biochar synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • * Conducted 92 systematic experiments on diverse agroforestry residues.
  • * Evaluated over ten control parameters (power, time, temperature, heating rate, feedstock, moisture, particle size, etc.).
  • * Investigated four operating modes (constant power, fixed temperature, controlled heating-rate) and novel yield metrics.

Main Results:

  • * Microwave power and residence time are primary drivers of biochar yield and carbonization.
  • * Constant-power operation without alarm yielded the highest reproducibility and absolute yield (up to 33.85%).
  • * Optimal conditions (500 W, 20-40 min, 400-500°C, 10-15% moisture, <3.15 mm particle size) achieved 54.1% energy efficiency and high-quality biochar (HHV > 30 MJ/kg, fixed carbon > 70%).

Conclusions:

  • * Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a viable method for producing high-quality biochar from agroforestry waste.
  • * Established a comprehensive framework for tunable and scalable biochar production protocols.
  • * Demonstrated the potential for sustainable waste valorization and resource recovery.