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Risk Factors and Mechanisms Leading to Preschool Recurrent Wheeze and Asthma
Jose A Castro-Rodriguez1, Alba A B Wolters2, Carlos E Rodriguez-Martinez3
1Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|August 8, 2025
Summary
Preschool recurrent wheezing is complex, influenced by many factors. Understanding these elements is key to developing better treatments and preventing childhood asthma.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Environmental Health
- Genetics
Background:
- Preschool recurrent wheezing is common and can lead to childhood asthma.
- It's a complex condition influenced by biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifactorial influences on preschool recurrent wheezing.
- To discuss biomarkers, clinical indices, and diagnostic tools for this condition.
- To highlight areas for future research in personalized interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic, environmental, and clinical factors.
- Analysis of biomarkers and diagnostic tests for preschool wheezing.
- Discussion of pathophysiological insights from lower airway samples.
Main Results:
- Specific genes and CpG methylation are linked to airway remodeling and inflammation.
- Biomarkers like allergen sensitization and FeNO can guide treatment.
- Current lung function tests have limitations in diagnosing asthma in preschoolers.
Conclusions:
- Preschool wheezing requires a multifactorial approach considering genetics, environment, and behavior.
- Personalized treatment strategies are needed, informed by biomarkers and advanced diagnostics.
- Future research should integrate diverse factors to improve prediction and intervention for preschool wheeze and asthma.
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