Current non-pharmacological therapies and new directions for cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a series of pathophysiological disorders of the brain resulting from direct or indirect impact on the head. The cognitive impairments associated with TBI significantly affect the quality of life and pose public health challenges. However, effective treatment options remain limited, and existing therapies often involve prolonged treatment durations and restricted efficacy. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to examine the evidence supporting the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies in the recovery of cognitive dysfunction following TBI via systematic review and to explore new directions for future research. 118 papers were included in this review. The neuroregulatory technology therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, dietary therapy, music therapy, VR therapy, and exercise therapy examined in this study are supported by substantial research evidence demonstrating their effectiveness. Non-pharmacological therapies hold significant potential for improving cognitive dysfunction following TBI. However, there is a need for enhanced mechanistic research and precise clinical applications. A combined approach that integrates both non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies is anticipated to become a future trend, facilitating more efficient and personalized rehabilitation programs.