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Related Concept Videos

Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
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Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Selecting a non-interacting buffer for α-cyclodextrin containing solutions.

Marlene Storm Andersen1, Simon Løv Thomsen1, Christian Schönbeck2

  • 1Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Buffer selection significantly impacts cyclodextrin (CD) drug formulations. Certain carboxylic acid buffers interfere with alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) complexation, while others show minimal interaction, affecting drug solubility and stability.

Keywords:
BufferComplexation constantIsothermal titration calorimetricpHα-Cyclodextrin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Poor solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) challenge drug formulation.
  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) enhance API solubility and stability via inclusion complex formation.
  • Buffer selection is critical for pH control in CD-based formulations, but potential buffer-CD interactions are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of twelve pharmaceutically relevant buffers on the inclusion complexation of alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) with 1,9-nonanediol.
  • To determine the impact of buffer structure and cyclodextrin type on complexation constants and thermodynamic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was employed to quantify complexation constants and thermodynamic parameters.
  • The study evaluated interactions between α-CD and 1,9-nonanediol in the presence of various buffer systems.
  • Comparative analysis included standard α-CD and hydroxypropylated α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD).

Main Results:

  • Buffer species significantly affected α-CD complexation with 1,9-nonanediol.
  • Carboxylic acid buffers (fumaric, succinic, maleic, malic acid) exhibited competitive binding, reducing complexation.
  • Phosphate, MES, Tris, and tartaric acid showed minimal interference; increased hydroxyl groups on carboxylic acids reduced binding affinity.

Conclusions:

  • Buffer selection is crucial for optimizing cyclodextrin-based drug formulations.
  • Buffer-CD interactions are dependent on buffer chemical structure and CD cavity properties.
  • HP-α-CD showed lower binding constants, likely due to steric hindrance and altered cavity hydrophilicity.