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Updated: Jun 29, 2026
A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
Published on: January 11, 2018
Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of mandibular subunits in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns
Ehab A Abdulghani1, Abeer A Al-Sosowa2, Jianru Yi3
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar City, Yemen.
Three-dimensional imaging reveals significant differences in mandibular bone structure across various skeletal patterns. These findings highlight distinct growth patterns in conditions like skeletal Class II and III, and hyperdivergent facial types.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics and Dental Imaging
- Craniofacial Morphology
- 3D Radiographic Analysis
Background:
- Three-dimensional (3D) radiographic imaging, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), enhances the understanding of jawbone morphology compared to 2D imaging.
- Previous assessments of mandibular structure were limited by the capabilities of 2D imaging, necessitating advanced 3D analysis for detailed morphological insights.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a three-dimensional assessment of mandibular functional skeletal subunits.
- To compare these subunits across different skeletal sagittal and vertical patterns in adult patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 281 adult Chinese patients' cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.
- Utilized 3D reconstructed images to evaluate and compare mandibular functional skeletal subunits.
- Categorized patients based on sagittal (Class I, II, III) and vertical (normodivergent, hyperdivergent, hypodivergent) skeletal patterns.
Main Results:
- Most mandibular subunit lengths, excluding the symphysis, showed significant variations across sagittal and vertical patterns, with no observed sexual dimorphism.
- Skeletal Class III exhibited longer condyle and body units; Skeletal Class II showed a shorter body unit.
- Hyperdivergent patterns were associated with shorter condyle, coronoid, and angle units, and larger angular measurements (condylo-coronoid, condylo-gonial, condylo-inferior nerve).
Conclusions:
- Mandibular hypoplasia in Skeletal Class II is linked to body unit underdevelopment, while hyperplasia in Skeletal Class III involves overgrowth of major subunits.
- Hyperdivergent facial patterns are characterized by ramus subunit underdevelopment, distinct from body unit morphology.
- 3D CBCT analysis provides crucial insights into the complex 3D morphology of the mandible in relation to skeletal discrepancies.
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