Event-Level Examinations of Impaired Control, Protective Behavioral Strategies, and Alcohol-Related Consequences

Impaired control over alcohol use is a well-established, prospective risk factor for alcohol use disorder. However, research is mixed regarding the risk conveyed by event-level impaired control behaviors. While most of this research evaluates unplanned drinking episodes, a continuous estimate, such as the number of unintended drinks consumed, appears to be an important but overlooked consideration. Moreover, there is limited understanding of protective factors that may buffer the effects of impaired control at the daily level. Thus, the current study tested the association between unplanned drinking and the quantity of unintended drinks in accounting for consequences, as well as how protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may buffer these effects.

College attending emerging adults (N = 121, 80% female, 52% White, M_age = 20.69) completed pre- and post-weekend surveys assessing their intended and actual drinking behavior, PBS use, and negative alcohol-related consequences.

Results revealed a significant three-way interaction at the between-person level such that for individuals with more planned drinking, the average number of unintended drinks consumed positively associated with consequences, especially when endorsement of alternatives PBS (e.g., finding ways besides drinking to reduce stress) was high (p = 0.011). Strategies while drinking PBS also conveyed risk in interaction with larger unintended quantities (p = 0.030).

Overall, certain PBS may amplify consequences among those with impaired control behavior. Intervention efforts should carefully consider the circumstances in which specific types of PBS are best recommended, and self-compassion warrants additional exploration among those with impaired control.