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The Human Rights Challenges Experienced by Queer Youth in Out-of-Home Care: A Systematic Scoping Review
Oscar Johnston1, Lynne McPherson2, Kathomi Gatwiri1
1Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Trauma, Violence & Abuse
|August 9, 2025
Summary
Queer youth in out-of-home care (OOHC) face significant human rights challenges due to SOGIE-based discrimination. Research reveals systemic issues and heterocisnormative practices harm their well-being and care quality.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Human Rights Law
- Child Protection Studies
Background:
- Queer youth in out-of-home care (OOHC) experience overlooked human rights challenges.
- Child protection research, policy, and practice have not adequately addressed these issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically identify and synthesize international empirical research on human rights challenges for Queer youth in OOHC.
- To highlight gaps in current research and inform policy and practice.
Main Methods:
- Systematic scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
- Searched seven electronic databases for English-language empirical studies.
- Utilized Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis for data synthesis.
Main Results:
- Identified five core themes: pre-OOHC rejection/harm, in-OOHC discrimination/harm, structural disadvantage, mental health disparities, and social/relational issues.
- Significant research gaps exist for Queer youth in OOHC systems outside the United States.
- Heterocisnormative ideologies and systemic constraints limit SOGIE data collection, negatively impacting care quality.
Conclusions:
- Heterocisnormative child protection systems perpetuate SOGIE-based discrimination and harm for Queer youth in OOHC.
- Addressing systemic issues and improving SOGIE data collection are crucial for enhancing the care and human rights of Queer youth.
- Further research is needed, particularly outside the US, to fully understand and address these challenges.
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