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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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The eggshell membrane as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration.

Faisal F Alotaibi1,2,3, Zainab M AlFaltawi1,3,4, Sharon R Oyhanart1

  • 1Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.

Regenerative Medicine
|August 9, 2025
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Summary

Eggshell membranes (ESMs) show potential as sustainable biomaterials for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Both chicken and duck ESMs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and structural properties comparable to existing GBR membranes.

Keywords:
Biocompatible materialsboneeggshell membranemembranesregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • The eggshell membrane (ESM) possesses unique structural and compositional properties suitable for barrier applications.
  • ESMs are explored as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in guided bone regeneration (GBR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of chicken and duck ESMs as potential GBR materials.
  • To compare ESMs against established resorbable (porcine collagen) and non-resorbable (d-PTFE) membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Standardized extraction of ESMs.
  • Characterization using SEM, FTIR, DSC, DMA, and contact angle measurements.
  • In vitro biocompatibility assessment with human gingival fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • ESMs exhibited collagen spectra similar to porcine collagen membranes.
  • SEM revealed structural parallels between ESMs and a commercial collagen membrane (Bio-Gide).
  • Duck ESM demonstrated superior mechanical strength (tensile strength, Young's modulus) compared to chicken ESM and porcine CM.
  • All tested membranes showed high compatibility with human gingival fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

  • ESMs represent a novel, sustainable biomaterial for GBR and periodontal therapies.
  • Their physical barrier function aligns with traditional GBR membrane roles.
  • ESMs offer a promising, eco-friendly alternative in regenerative dentistry.