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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow

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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

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Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
08:32

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

Published on: March 1, 2015

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Abnormal Swallowing Characteristics in COVID-19 Patients.

Pajeemas Kittipanya-Ngam1,2, Marlís González-Fernández3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Dysphagia
|August 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 patients often experience swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), including high rates of silent aspiration. Characterizing these abnormal swallowing features is crucial for effective patient management.

Keywords:
COVID-19DeglutitionDeglutition DisordersDysphagiaSwallowing FunctionVFSS

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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:22

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

653

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Moderate to severe COVID-19 can lead to significant health complications.
  • Dysphagia is an emerging complication in COVID-19 survivors.
  • Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies (VFSS) are essential for assessing swallowing function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize abnormal swallowing features in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients using VFSS.
  • To determine the prevalence of dysphagia and aspiration in this patient cohort.
  • To analyze specific swallowing impairments identified by the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3,660 moderate to severe COVID-19 patients from the JH CROWN cohort (Jan 2020-Mar 2022).
  • VFSS referral rates and swallowing characteristics were abstracted and reported.
  • The Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) was used to assess swallowing impairments.

Main Results:

  • 16% of patients had dysphagia, with only half undergoing VFSS.
  • Among those with dysphagia, 39.3% had severe COVID-19 (severity level 7), 39% aspirated, and 30% had silent aspiration.
  • Common impairments included poor tongue control (40%), delayed pharyngeal swallow initiation (65.2%), and reduced laryngeal vestibular closure (64.5%).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 patients exhibit diverse oral and pharyngeal swallowing abnormalities.
  • Silent aspiration is a significant concern in this population.
  • Distinguishing COVID-19-induced dysphagia from post-extubation dysphagia presents a clinical challenge.