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Overkill in forensic medicine: A systematic review
Fotios Chatzinikolaou1, Eleftherios Vavoulidis2, Theodora Tsiapla3
1Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Acta Psychologica
|August 9, 2025
Summary
Overkill, excessive injury beyond what
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Overkill is an underdefined concept in forensic science, referring to injuries exceeding the necessary lethal amount.
- Understanding overkill is crucial for criminal investigations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and consolidate literature on overkill.
- To understand the phenomenon's contribution to criminal investigations.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles from Google Scholar and PubMed.
- Adherence to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
- Risk of bias assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Main Results:
- 24 articles were analyzed from 214 potential results.
- Potential association found between overkill and psychological/emotional factors.
- Relevance to offender profiling and legal sentencing explored.
Conclusions:
- Overkill arises from the intersection of forensic science, psychology, and sociology.
- Offers insights into violent homicide dynamics and motivations.
- Future research needs diverse contexts and standardized criteria for reliability.
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