A comprehensive review in the advancements of bioprinting for tissue engineering using polysaccharide biomaterials...

Bioprinting (BP) technology has played a significant role in the production of organ fabrication with decorated biomaterial and their application in various field, including tissue engineering (TE). BP is an advanced technology that provides the possibility to replicate complex microarchitecture of native tissues through the printing of live cells of cell-laden inks, the so-called bioinks. The engineering of novel bioink formulations with adequate properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, high mechanical integrity, and dimensional stability are important in the success of the BP process. Among the various types of bioinks, hydrogels have various similarities with the extracellular matrix that provide good tenability, adhesion, and cell proliferation. Hydrogels in BP technologies represent a modern concept architecture called 3D scaffolds, which support cell growth and assembly in TE. In the development of novel bioinks, polysaccharides (PSs) materials play a crucial role in BP for the applications in TE. Stimuli-responsive materials and methods are considered the major key to achieving the challenge in various fields. Thus, the synergistic interplay of BP technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has extended the design space and accelerated the design phase that could push more forward. This review summarizes the significance advanced of BP technology. Then there will be discussed the potential of PSs materials and their application in various fields. Additionally, a viewpoint on how the synergistic use of BP and AI can improve the design of intelligent systems with applications ranging from the bioengineering sectors to robotics. Finally, the underlying potential benefits, limitations, and challenges, as well as the prospects for future studies are addressed.