Chemistry and processes of typical bio-based polyether polyols toward green synthesis: A review
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.This review highlights advances in bio-based polyether polyols (PEPs) synthesis from biomass. Future research should enhance efficiency and sustainability for these crucial polyurethane precursors.
Area Of Science
- Polymer Chemistry
- Green Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background
- Polyether polyols (PEPs) are essential for polyurethane (PU) synthesis.
- Current PEPs are primarily petroleum-based, driving demand for sustainable alternatives.
- Bio-based PEPs offer a renewable pathway to reduce environmental impact.
Purpose Of The Study
- To review recent advancements in synthesizing bio-based PEPs from various biomass feedstocks.
- To critically examine the challenges and future prospects of bio-based PEP production.
- To identify key areas for research to improve efficiency and sustainability.
Main Methods
- Review of catalytic polymerization of CO₂ with epoxidized vegetable oils.
- Analysis of lignin depolymerization for PEP precursors.
- Examination of bio-based 1,3-propanediol and fatty acid-derived diols hydrogenation.
- Synthesis of PEPs from biomass-derived and bio-based feedstocks.
Main Results
- Significant progress in utilizing CO₂ with epoxidized vegetable oils for PEP synthesis.
- Demonstrated potential of lignin and fatty acid derivatives as feedstocks.
- Identified challenges in production efficiency and by-product formation.
- Highlighted the viability of bio-based 1,3-propanediol in PEP production.
Conclusions
- Bio-based PEPs show promise in replacing petroleum-derived materials.
- Further research is needed to optimize production efficiency and sustainability.
- Focusing on CO₂ polymerization, lignin utilization, and process optimization is crucial.
- Advancements support circular economy principles in polymer chemistry.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
This method is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The two alcohol molecules...
Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
In the second step, the oxonium ion loses H2O, forming a tertiary carbocation intermediate.
In the...
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Alkenes undergo polymerization via a free-radical mechanism involving three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination.
Radicals are...