[Progress in studies of seminal microbiome based on next-generation sequencing]

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Microbiome Research
• Human Physiology

Background:

• The seminal microbiome influences male reproductive health, sperm quality, and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
• Its transmission can affect female reproduction and offspring health.
• Conventional bacterial culture methods are insufficient for comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the composition of the seminal microbiome.
• To explore its relationship with male infertility and sperm quality impairment.
• To summarize next-generation sequencing (NGS) findings on bacterial colonization in the male reproductive tract.

Main Methods:

• Utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze seminal microbiome composition.
• Reviewed existing NGS-based studies on seminal microbiome patterns.
• Examined microbial-host interactions in male reproductive pathophysiology.

Main Results:

• Revealed a unique diversity in seminal microbiome structures.
• Demonstrated a strong correlation between abnormal seminal microbiome and reduced sperm quality/male fertility.
• Identified potential probiotic microbes within semen supporting reproductive function.

Conclusions:

• The seminal microbiome is integral to male fertility and reproductive success.
• Abnormalities in seminal microbiome composition are linked to infertility.
• Further research with larger cohorts is needed to clarify the microbiome's source, precise composition, and mechanisms affecting sperm and pregnancy outcomes.