[Pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia in males: Progress in research]

Asthenozoospermia is one of the major causes of male infertility, with complex pathogenesis, which involves abnormalities in sperm morphology, signaling pathways, sperm motility-related energy metabolism, and other factors. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EV) in the seminal plasma have been found with a positive effect on the spermatogenic process by releasing such self-encapsulated molecules as DAN, RNA and proteins into target cells through direct fusion with the structure similar to the lipid bilayer on the surface, and thereby regulating their function. This article reviews the research progress in the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia, aiming to provide some theoretical evidence for its further studies.