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As precisely as possible! Molecular methods of postmortem interval prediction - current prospects and limitations
Magdalena Mróz1, Martyna Miodońska1, Julia Cieśla1
1Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
Abstract:
Determining the time passing since death, also known as post-mortem interval (PMI), is one of the primary duties of forensic medicine. However, standard methods of PMI estimation only sometimes allow for accurate determination of its value because many internal and external factors influence the estimate's accuracy. In recent years, several studies have reported using molecular biology and genetics methods in PMI estimation. Due to the promising results obtained in both animal and human models, these methods can replace existing techniques in the future and allow PMI to be determined more precisely. The presented narrative review analyzes methods of molecular biology already available and used to estimate PMI, outlines the latest reports on determining PMI using molecular methods, and summarizes research on using RNA, DNA, and other biochemical molecules for PMI estimation. Moreover, the presented review indicates limitations of using molecular methods for molecular PMI estimation that need to be solved before entering forensic practice and underlines prospects for further research in this area.
Insights
Estimating time since death (post-mortem interval or PMI) is crucial in forensic medicine. Molecular methods using RNA and DNA show promise for more precise PMI estimation, potentially improving upon current techniques.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Medicine
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation is vital in forensic medicine.
- Current PMI estimation methods face limitations due to influencing internal and external factors.
- Molecular biology and genetics offer novel approaches to enhance PMI accuracy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing molecular biology methods for PMI estimation.
- To summarize recent advancements in molecular PMI determination.
- To analyze the use of RNA, DNA, and biochemical markers for PMI.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of scientific literature.
- Analysis of studies employing molecular and genetic techniques.
- Evaluation of RNA, DNA, and biochemical molecule applications.
Main Results:
- Molecular methods demonstrate promising results in both animal and human models.
- These techniques have the potential to replace traditional PMI estimation methods.
- RNA, DNA, and other biochemical markers are key targets for molecular PMI analysis.
Conclusions:
- Molecular methods offer enhanced precision for PMI estimation.
- Further research is needed to address limitations before widespread forensic adoption.
- Future prospects include refining molecular techniques for routine forensic practice.
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