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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Pigmentation01:19

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
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Dermatoses Occurring in Neonates and Early Infancy.

Malathi Munisamy1

  • 1Additional Professor and Head, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. mmalathi.dr@live.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal and early infantile dermatoses include common, benign skin conditions and rarer ones that may signal serious underlying issues. This review enhances awareness of these diverse skin presentations in newborns and infants.

Keywords:
Early infantile dermatosesNeonatal dermatosesPhysiological dermatosesTransient dermatoses

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Neonatal and early infantile dermatoses present a wide range of skin conditions.
  • Most manifestations are benign and self-limiting.
  • Some conditions may indicate serious systemic or genetic disorders requiring intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To increase awareness of common and rare dermatological conditions in neonates and infants.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of neonatal and early infantile dermatoses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neonatal and early infantile dermatoses.
  • Synthesis of information on physiological, transient, and pathological skin conditions.
  • Categorization of dermatological manifestations based on clinical presentation and etiology.

Main Results:

  • Identification of prevalent benign dermatoses in newborns and infants.
  • Highlighting of rare but significant dermatological signs indicative of systemic diseases.
  • Discussion of the diagnostic and management approaches for various neonatal skin conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of neonatal and infantile dermatoses is crucial for appropriate management.
  • A thorough understanding of these conditions aids in differentiating benign from pathological presentations.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals managing pediatric skin conditions.